ISLAMABAD: Pakistan has successfully concluded its second periodic review before the United Nations Committee Against Torture under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. During the review, the country presented a comprehensive range of legislative and institutional measures aimed at curbing custodial abuse and enhancing human rights protections.
Key Legislative Reforms
The official delegation, led by Aqeel Malik, outlined significant reforms, most notably the enactment of the Torture and Custodial Death (Prevention and Punishment) Act, 2022. This landmark legislation criminalizes torture, renders any evidence obtained through coercion inadmissible in court, and provides legal remedies and compensation to victims of torture. The law represents a major step forward in Pakistan's commitment to eradicating custodial violence.
Institutional Mechanisms and Oversight
Officials also highlighted the establishment of an independent internal accountability mechanism within the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) to investigate allegations of torture. This mechanism is complemented by enhanced oversight by the National Commission for Human Rights, which now conducts unannounced inspections of detention facilities to ensure compliance with human rights standards. The delegation further reported improvements in prison conditions, including better access to healthcare and more effective complaint redress mechanisms.
Transition to Forensic-Based Practices
Pakistan noted a gradual transition towards forensic-based and non-coercive investigative practices, aligning with international standards such as the Nelson Mandela Rules. These efforts aim to modernize the criminal justice system and reduce reliance on torture or ill-treatment during interrogations.
Challenges and Committee Recommendations
While acknowledging these advances, Pakistani authorities conceded that significant challenges persist. Key issues include prison overcrowding, limited resources, and prevailing security pressures that hinder further progress. The UN Committee, while welcoming the progress made, called for additional measures. These include expanding the legal definition of torture to cover all forms of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, reinforcing oversight mechanisms, and considering ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (OPCAT).
Future Commitments
Pakistan reaffirmed its commitment to sustained engagement with international human rights mechanisms. The delegation stated that the Committee’s forthcoming recommendations would inform the next phase of reforms, ensuring continuous improvement in the protection of detainees' rights. The review underscores Pakistan's dedication to aligning its domestic practices with international human rights obligations.
