Organic Carbon Discovery on Mars
Using NASA's Perseverance rover, scientists are gaining a deeper understanding of the nature of organic carbon detected on Mars—the molecular backbone for all known living organisms—as they investigate whether Earth's planetary neighbor ever harbored life. New research describes the structure of organic carbon found last year by the rover in sedimentary rock that contained a potential biosignature, a possible sign of past microbial life.
Ancient Mudstone Formation
This mudstone formed perhaps between 3.2 and 3.8 billion years ago beneath a now-vanished body of water in Jezero Crater in the Martian northern hemisphere. Organic carbon can be a clue as to whether Mars ever harbored life because it serves as the chemical underpinning for the molecules that build DNA, cells, and proteins. However, its presence is not proof of life, as it can also arise in nonbiological processes such as chemical interaction between rock and water.
Rover Sampling and Locations
The detection of organic carbon in two rocks in Jezero Crater—given the names Cheyava Falls and Walhalla Glades—was disclosed last year when researchers announced the discovery of a potential biosignature in one of them. The two rocks were sampled by the rover at locations about 330 feet (100 meters) apart, according to planetary scientist Ashley Murphy of the Planetary Science Institute in Arizona, co-leader of the new research published in the journal Science Advances.
Visual Characteristics of Cheyava Falls
Following last year's discovery, NASA released an image of the Cheyava Falls rock showing a very fine-grained and rusty-red-colored mudstone bearing ring-shaped features resembling leopard spots as well as dark marks resembling poppy seeds. These features add intrigue to the ongoing analysis of Martian geology and the search for signs of ancient life.
