The rapid conversion of mango orchards into housing societies and commercial projects in and around Multan is posing an environmental threat while also depriving hundreds of skilled gardeners of their livelihood. Known as the mango capital of Pakistan, Multan has long depended on its vast orchards for employment, supporting workers engaged in plantation, budding, pruning, irrigation and maintenance. However, accelerating urban expansion is steadily shrinking this agricultural base, leaving many experienced gardeners unemployed.
Gardeners Face Unemployment as Orchards Disappear
A gardener from Nawabpur Road, Sajid, said he had spent most of his life working in mango orchards and possessed extensive experience. He noted that orchards in his area had sharply declined as residential schemes replaced farmland. "Earlier, there was year-round work, but now orchard owners are cutting trees and selling land for development," he said, adding that he had been forced to take up a job as a school peon to support his family.
Another gardener, Danish, who has worked in nurseries since childhood, said the profession had once supported his education and household needs. He warned that hundreds of gardeners were now either unemployed or struggling to find stable work.
Environmental and Economic Impact
The loss of mango orchards not only affects livelihoods but also contributes to environmental degradation, including reduced green cover and increased air pollution. Multan's mangoes are renowned globally, and the decline in orchard area could impact production and exports. According to local estimates, thousands of acres of orchards have been converted to housing schemes in the past decade, with no sign of slowing down. The trend highlights the conflict between urban development and agriculture, as the city expands to accommodate a growing population.
Experts warn that without intervention, Multan could lose its identity as the mango capital, and hundreds of families dependent on orchard work will face economic hardship. They call for policies to protect agricultural land and provide alternative livelihoods for displaced workers.
